Mobile-Based Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Apps in Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review

Abstract

This systematic review aimed to identify the features and therapeutic content of mobile-based Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) rehabilitation apps and to examine the extent to which these apps are supported by scientific studies. A comprehensive search of the Apple App Store and Google Play Store was conducted using common rehabilitation-related keywords, specifically targeting English-language apps. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data from eligible apps. Additionally, relevant scientific literature was reviewed to match qualitative and/or quantitative scientific studies with the selected apps. Out of 521 screened apps, 48 were directly related to rehabilitation. The most frequent app categories were health and fitness, education, and medical. Of the selected apps (N = 48), 35% were specifically designed for rehabilitation purposes. Additionally, 83.3% were VR-based, 6.25% were AR-based, and 10.4% included both VR and AR components. Fifteen studies were identified as related to the selected apps, including 7 Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs). The findings suggest that despite the increasing availability of VR and AR apps in rehabilitation, only a small portion are supported by scientific evidence. These results may help individuals with disabilities and their caregivers make more informed decisions in selecting digital health tools for rehabilitation.